Cross-border alliances and strategic games

Purpose This empirical research examined the factors and conditions that contribute to success of international strategic learning alliances. The study aimed provide organisations with evidence-based insights recommendations can help them create more effective sustainable partnerships leverage collaborative drive innovation growth. examination is performed using game theory as a mathematical framework analyse interaction decision-makers, where one alliance's decision contingent on made by others in partnership. There are 20 possible games out 120 outcomes be grouped into four different types; each type has been divided several categories. Design/methodology/approach methodology included secondary primary data collection data, Delphi technique for obtaining qualitative questionnaire collecting quantitative computer simulation (1,000 cases, network resources cooperative theory). key variables collected measured when analysing alliance were identified, mapped developed model. Findings Most respondents ranked reputation mutual benefits Type 1 relatively high, averaging 4.1 3.85 5. That significantly higher than net transfer benefits, at 0.61. priori model demonstrate most used in-game distribution, 40% all types games. also confirmed random landscape model, approximately 50%. results combination payoff characteristics show joint critical cooperation. Practical implications Research cross-border alliances implications. Managerial managers understand challenges engaging these activities. They use this knowledge develop strategies improve effectiveness their implications, development models applied decision-making variety complex contexts. Learning have important policy particularly trade, investment innovation. Policymakers must consider potential risks collaborations policies encourage support while mitigating negative impacts. Originality/value International become popular strategy firms seeking gain access new knowledge, capabilities markets foreign countries. originality lies its ability understanding dynamics relationships novel meaningful way.